Sökning: "trade costs"
Visar resultat 41 - 45 av 236 avhandlingar innehållade orden trade costs.
41. Costs of foraging in a dry tropical environment
Sammanfattning : This study evaluates the costs associated with foraging for birds in a savannah woodland area in central Nigeria. Specifically, it looks at the following questions: 1) how does seasonal variability in food and water availability affect the value of resources to birds in dry environments? 2) Does proximity to water affect foraging decisions? What implication will this have in the management of savannah birds? 3) Are tropical birds mostly affected by metabolic or predation costs? 4) What factors affect diet selection in birds and how? 5) How are birds adapted to hot dry environments? I carried out experiments in the field and in an aviary and provided artificial food patches, consisting of feeding trays with seeds mixed in sand or pebbles (in the aviary study). LÄS MER
42. Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction in subarctic herbs : A resource-based perspective
Sammanfattning : The influence of internal and external factors on two major plant life history components, i.e., reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction, was examined for nine perennial herbs in subarctic Swedish Lapland. In one study, comparisons were made between Sweden and the French Alps. LÄS MER
43. Economic Applications of Product Quality Regulation in WTO Trade Agreements
Sammanfattning : This thesis comprises three theoretical essays on the economic applications of product quality regulation in WTO Agreements:Economic Applications of the WTO Consistency Requirement Article 5.5 (consistency) of the SPS Agreement requires countries to avoid arbitrary distinctions in health protection on goods that are associated with the same disease, if such distinctions result in discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade. LÄS MER
44. Causes and consequences of blood parasite infections in birds
Sammanfattning : Parasites are ubiquitous and can cause significant fitness reductions to their hosts. Therefore, selection for the evolution of host resistance should be strong. However, resistance may be costly and should be traded-off against other fitness related traits. LÄS MER
45. The impact of wind power variability on the least-cost dispatch of units in the electricity generation system
Sammanfattning : This thesis investigates the dynamics of electricity generation systems that involve high levels of wind power. Methods to account for wind power variability in electricity-dispatch models are explored, and the impact of wind power variability on the optimal output of the generation units, so as to meet the system load with the lowest possible cost (economic dispatch), is analyzed for several systems, for both regional and European cases. LÄS MER
