Sökning: "substitution"

Visar resultat 31 - 35 av 752 avhandlingar innehållade ordet substitution.

1. 31. Syntheses and partial O̲-substitution studies of some carbohydrates

   Författare :Tommy Iversen; Stockholms universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES;

   Sammanfattning : .... LÄS MER

3. 32. Isotopes as Mechanism Spies : Nucleophilic Bimolecular Substitution and Monoamine Oxidase B Catalysed Amine Oxidation Probed with Heavy Atom Kinetic Isotope Effects

   Författare :Susanna MacMillar; Olle Matsson; Anita Hussénius; Daniel M. Quinn; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :Organic chemistry; nucleophilic bimolecular substitution SN2; kinetic isotope effects; precision conductometry; monoamine oxidase B MAO B; reaction mechanism; carbon 11C 14C kinetic isotope effect; ion pairing triple-ion formation; para-substituted benzyl chlorides; tetrabytylammonium cyanide; Organisk kemi;

   Sammanfattning : This thesis concerns the study of reaction mechanisms by means of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs). Studies of the nucleophilic bimolecular substitution (SN2) reaction had the dual purpose of improving our fundamental understanding of molecular reactivity and assessing the ability of kinetic isotope effects to serve as mechanistic tools. LÄS MER

4. 33. Swedish Pharmaceutical Benefit Reforms ?Analyses of implementation, pharmaceutical sales patterns and expenditures

   Författare :Karolina Andersson; Göteborgs universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; pharmaceutical policy; health care reform; reimbursement; co-payment; reference-based pricing; generic substitution; drug cost; cost sharing;

   Sammanfattning : Background: Over the last few decades, the sales of prescription drugs have increased dramatically in many western countries; however, this increase requires individuals and society to bear larger economic consequences. To improve cost control for pharmaceuticals, several reforms attempt to reconcile the economic responsibility of the patients, prescribers and third party payers. LÄS MER

5. 34. Comparative Genomics in Birds

   Författare :Erik Axelsson; Hans Ellegren; Martin Lercher; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :Molecular genetics; Birds; molecular evolution; macrochromosomes; microchromosomes; mutation rate; substitution rate; base composition; positive selection; genetic drift; population size; Genetik;

   Sammanfattning : To shed light on forces that shape the molecular evolution of bird genomes, and in turn avian adaptations, comparative analyses of avian DNA sequences are important. Moreover, contrasting findings in birds to those of other organisms will lend a clearer view on general aspects of molecular evolution. LÄS MER

7. 35. Quantum Chemical Studies of Chemotherapeutic Drug Cisplatin : Activation and Binding to DNA

   Författare :Johan Raber; David van der Spoel; Paolo Carloni; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :Quantum chemistry; cisplatin; quantum chemistry; DNA; density functional theory; activation; JM118; substitution reaction; Platinum; guanine; adenine; cytostatic drug; aquation; anation; activation; Kvantkemi;

   Sammanfattning : The serendipitous discovery of the potent cytotoxic properties of cisplatin brought about a revolution in the treatment of certain types of cancer, but almost fifty years later, there still remain unknown areas in the chemistry of cisplatin. There are questions regarding which form of the drug reaches its DNA target, or why certain DNA sequences are more preferred than others for reaction with cisplatin. LÄS MER