Sökning: "substitution rate"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 133 avhandlingar innehållade orden substitution rate.

1. 1. Comparative Genomics in Birds

   Författare :Erik Axelsson; Hans Ellegren; Martin Lercher; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :Molecular genetics; Birds; molecular evolution; macrochromosomes; microchromosomes; mutation rate; substitution rate; base composition; positive selection; genetic drift; population size; Genetik;

   Sammanfattning : To shed light on forces that shape the molecular evolution of bird genomes, and in turn avian adaptations, comparative analyses of avian DNA sequences are important. Moreover, contrasting findings in birds to those of other organisms will lend a clearer view on general aspects of molecular evolution. LÄS MER

3. 2. Palladium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols : Mechanistic Studies and Synthetic Applications

   Författare :Supaporn Sawadjoon; Joseph Samec; Takao Ikariya; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; palladium; nucleophilic substitution; mechanism; Organic Chemistry; Organisk kemi;

   Sammanfattning : This thesis deals with the palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of π-activated alcohols in which the C–O bond of a non-manipulated hydroxyl group is cleaved. The thesis is divided in two chapters describing two different catalytic systems. LÄS MER

4. 3. The Effects of Mutation and Selection on the Rate and Pattern of Molecular Evolution in Birds

   Författare :Sofia Berlin; Hans Ellegren; Adam Eyre-Walker; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Molecular genetics; substitution rate; diversity; selection; male mutation bias; birds; Genetik; Genetics; Genetik;

   Sammanfattning : By comparing sequence diversity and divergence on sex chromosomes one can study how the rate of evolution in affected by mutation and/or selection. The rate of mutation in male biased, meaning that relatively more mutations are created in the male germ line than in the female. LÄS MER

5. 4. Platinum(II) and Palladium (II) Complexes with Group 14 and 15 Donor Ligands. Synthesis, Structure and Substitution Mechanisms

   Författare :Ola Wendt; Kemiska institutionen; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; mechanism; kinetics; substitution; platinum; palladium; aryl; silyl; nitrile; triphenylstibine; NMR; IR; Raman; X-ray crystallography; stopped-flow; synthesis; Inorganic chemistry; Oorganisk kemi;

   Sammanfattning : The present thesis deals with Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with group 14 and 15 donor ligands. Such complexes have been prepared and investigated mainly with regard to their ground state structures and the mechanism according to which they undergo substitution. LÄS MER

7. 5. Nucleotide Substitution Patterns in Vertebrate Genomes

   Författare :Carina Farah Mugal; Hans Ellegren; Ziheng Yang; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; nucleotide substitutions; mutation rate variation; strand asymmetries; CpG effect; GC-biased gene conversion; codon evolution; Biologi med inriktning mot molekylär evolution; Biology with specialization in Molecular Evolution;

   Sammanfattning : The rates and patterns at which nucleotide substitutions occur vary significantly across the genome sequence of vertebrates. A prominent example is the difference in the rate of evolution of functional sequences versus nonfunctional (neutrally evolving) sequences, which is explained by the influence of natural selection on functional sequences. LÄS MER