Русские прилагательные родной, любимый, милый и дорогой в вокативной функции: корпусный анализ

Sammanfattning: The present study examines four Russian adjectives used as vocatives: rodnoj (blood-related), ljubimyj (beloved), milyj (darling) and dorogoj (dear).The principal goal is to identify and investigate the pragmatic features of these vocatives, which have not yet been described.The investigation is based on the general theories of the Moscow Semantic School, and deals, among other things, with delimitation of synonyms. The empirical data comes from the Russian National Corpus (RNC).The qualitative analysis focuses on discovering how the above-mentioned vocatives differ from each other and what factors are important when choosing the vocative adjective in a concrete situation.The thesis shows that the choice of a particular vocative depends on three parameters: 1) the type of participants in the situation; 2) tonality (negative/neutral-positive); and 3) the type of situation (critical/non-critical). The adjectives rodnoj, ljubimyj, milyj and dorogoj are near-synonyms: they have pragmatic differences and are therefore not interchangeable in all contexts.The results of the empirical study are verified through statistical analyses such as profile analysis, classification tree (ctree) and random forest (random decision forest). The quantitative analysis demonstrates how the pragmatic features interact with each other and calculates the relative importance of each condition.By identifying features of the use of the near-synonymous vocative-adjectives rodnoj (blood-related), ljubimyj (beloved), milyj (darling), and dorogoj (dear), the dissertation contributes to the description of pragmatic properties of adjectives in lexicographic sources. The results may also be useful for translators, linguists, and learners of Russian as a foreign language.