Sökning: "Insulin secretion"

Visar resultat 41 - 45 av 403 avhandlingar innehållade orden Insulin secretion.

1. 41. Insulinogenic Effects of Milk- and Other Dietary Proteins, Mechanisms and metabolic implications

   Författare :Mikael Nilsson; Avdelningen för livsmedel och läkemedel; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Näringslära; Nutrition; Type 2 diabetes; Isolated islets; Incretin hormones; Food proteins; Amino acids; Insulin index; Glycaemic index; Hyperinsulinaemia; Insulin; Blood glucose; Milk; Whey;

   Sammanfattning : The metabolic syndrome (type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia), is increasing in prevalence world-wide. The progression of this syndrome proceeds through a step-wise deterioration of metabolic events where deterioration of insulin sensitivity appears to have a key role in a ?vicious circle? of hyperinsulinaemia/hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. LÄS MER

3. 42. On the Generation of cAMP Oscillations and Regulation of the Ca2+ Store-operated Pathway in Pancreatic Islet α- and β-cells

   Författare :Geng Tian; Erik Gylfe; Anders Tengholm; Patrick Gilon; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; cAMP; oscillations; adrenaline; GLP-1; phosphodiesterase; palmitate; STIM1; Orai1; store-operated calcium entry; insulin secretion; glucagon secretion; β-cell; α-cell; Medical Cell Biology; Medicinsk cellbiologi;

   Sammanfattning : Insulin and glucagon are released in pulses from pancreatic β- and α-cells, respectively. Both cell types are electrically excitable, and elevation of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) due to depolarization with voltage-dependent entry of the cation is the main trigger of hormone secretion. LÄS MER

4. 43. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Hormone Secretion from lslets of Langerhans

   Författare :Samuel Acreman; Göteborgs universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Islet; diabetes; glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; incretin; pancreas; hypoglycaemia; tetraspanin; GLP-1; endoplasmic reticulum;

   Sammanfattning : Diabetes is a metabolic disorder stemming from the improper regulation of blood glucose levels by hormones secreted by pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Paper I describes the mechanism by which glucose can regulate glucagon secretion, independent of membrane potential, from pancreatic α-cells, via modulation of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling. LÄS MER

5. 44. The Human Pancreatic Islet Methylome and Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes

   Författare :Tasnim Dayeh; Diabetes - epigenetik; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; CpG-SNP; glucagon secretion; insulin secretion; human pancreatic islets; DNA methylation; Epigenetics;

   Sammanfattning : Islet dysfunction is central to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epigenetic modifications are essential for establishing and maintaining cell identity and function in normal circumstances. Exposure to adverse environmental factors may alter the epigenome, and result in changes of gene expression and the resulting phenotype. LÄS MER

7. 45. Islet hormonal hypersecretion and metformin’s effect on islet hormonal secretion studied in vitro and in vivo

   Författare :Quan Wen; Anders Forslund; Hannes Manell; Hjalti Kristinsson; Lisa Juntti-Berggren; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; alpha cell; carboxypeptidase E; childhood obesity; DRP-1; free fatty acids; glucagon secretion; glucose metabolism; glucose stimulated insulin secretion; human islets; hyperinsulinemia; metformin; mitochondrial fission; oral glucose tolerance test OGTT ; prohormone convertase; proinsulin; proinsulin to insulin ratio PI:I ;

   Sammanfattning : Childhood obesity has surged globally. Elevated levels of free fatty acids contribute to hyperinsulinemia, hyperproinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia connected with both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin has beneficial effects on islets by influencing metabolism and reducing stress-induced cell death. LÄS MER