Heidegger och filosofins metod : Om den filosofiska artikulationens och den filosofiska insiktens karaktär eller En introduktion till fenomenologin

Sammanfattning: Phenomenology is a philosophical method created by Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the last century. In general terms, phenomenology is a way of investigating meaning, where ”meaning” is the most formal concept describing the way the world (with its different kind of objects) is given in every kind of experience.The most influential development and modification of Husserl’s phenomenology is to be found in the works of his disciple Martin Heidegger. In Heidegger’s magnum opus Sein und Zeit we can read that philosophy in its most original sense is ontology, and ontology is only possible in the form of phenomenology.Heidegger, however, never gave a systematic and explicit account of the phenomenological method of ontology. The ambition of this study is to read the ontological investigation of the being of man (or the being of ”Dasein”) which Heidegger develops in Sein und Zeit, as an investigation which ultimate purpose is to give ontology its own methodological self-consciousness. More specifically, on the basis of Heidegger’s investigations into Dasein’s being, together with the explicit methodological discussions which can be found both in Sein und Zeit and in the lecture-courses Heidegger gave before and around the time of that work, the ambition of this study is to try to reconstruct and unfold a systematic analysis of Heidegger’s phenomenological method. This analysis is thus centered around questions such as: Given the fact that the philosophical research does not seek knowledge about something which can be found anywhere in the world, how does philosophy gain access to its own thematic ”object”? How does philosophy ground and prove? What characterizes philosophical knowledge? And most importantly: what characterizes that peculiar form of articulation and conceptuality which in a genuine way tries to mediate and generate knowledge about something which ”is” not?