Distributed Intelligence for IoT Systems Using Edge Computing

Sammanfattning: Over the past decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) has undergone a paradigm shift away from centralized cloud computing to edge computing. Hundreds of billions of things are estimated to be deployed in the rapidly advancing IoT paradigm, resulting in an enormous amount of data. Sending all the data to the cloud has recently proven to be a performance bottleneck, as it causes many network issues, including high latency, high power consumption, security issues, privacy issues, etc. However, the existing paradigms do not use edge devices for decision-making. Distributed intelligence could strengthen the IoT in several ways by distributing decision-making tasks among edge devices within the network instead of sending all data to a central server. All computational tasks and data are shared among edge devices. Edge computing offers many advantages, including distributed processing, low latency, fault tolerance, better scalability, better security, and data protection. These advantages are helpful for critical applications that require higher reliability, real-time processing, mobility support, and context awareness. This thesis investigated the application of different types of intelligence (e.g., rule-based, machine learning, etc.) to implementing distributed intelligence at the edge of the network and the network challenges that arise. The first part of this thesis presents a novel and generalizable distributed intelligence architecture that leverages edge computing to enable the intelligence of things by utilizing information closer to IoT devices. The architecture is comprised of two tiers, which address the heterogeneity and constraints of IoT devices. Additionally, the first part of this thesis identifies a suitable reasoner for two-level distributed intelligence and an efficient way of applying it in the architecture via an IoT gateway. To mitigate communication challenges in edge computing, the second part of the thesis proposes two-level mechanisms by leveraging the benefits of software-defined networking (SDN) and 5G networks based on open radio access network (O-RAN) as part of a communication overlay for the distributed intelligence architecture. The third part of this thesis investigates integrating the two-tier architecture and the communication mechanisms in order to provide distributed intelligence in IoT systems in an optimal manner.