Sökning: "non-equilibrium systems"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 63 avhandlingar innehållade orden non-equilibrium systems.

  1. 1. Theory of economic development : nonlinearity, instability and non-equilibrium

    Författare :Wei-Bin Zhang; Umeå universitet; []
    Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; economic growth and development; instability; structural change; bifurcation; non-equilibrium; centralization and decentralization; business cycle; the standard neoclassical growth model; growth rate; interest rate; inflation rate; choice of techniques; endogenous technological change;

    Sammanfattning : The objective of this study is to propose an economic development theory within the framework of input-output systems and neoclassical economics. This study consists of nine chapters which are arranged in the following manner:In Chapter I, we discuss development problems, define some essential concepts, and provide a general historical sketch of economic growth theory. LÄS MER

  3. 2. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics at the microscopic scales

    Författare :Sreekanth K Manikandan; Supriya Krishnamurthy; David Lacoste; Stockholms universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Non-equilibrium statistical Physics; entropy production; teoretisk fysik; Theoretical Physics;

    Sammanfattning : An inherent feature of small systems in contact with thermal reservoirs, be it a pollen grain in water, or an active microbe flagellum, is fluctuations. Even with advanced microscopic techniques, distinguishing active, non-equilibrium processes defined by a constant dissipation of energy to the environment from passive, equilibrium processes is a very challenging task and a vastly developing field of research. LÄS MER

  4. 3. An agent-based approach to supply side modeling of agricultural and power systems

    Författare :Emma Jonson; Chalmers tekniska högskola; []
    Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; power system transitions; Agent-based modeling; agricultural land-use; Cobweb model; stability; non-equilibrium; price fluctuations; market interaction;

    Sammanfattning : This thesis deals with the modeling of economic systems in the context of agricultural and power systems, and some aspects of the difference between the standard economics equilibrium approach and the agent-based approach. We model the supply side, where agents make decisions on what to produce or in what to invest. LÄS MER

  5. 4. Responsive Molecular Systems through Dynamic Covalent Chemistry

    Författare :Antanas Karalius; Zoltan Szabo; Stefan Matile; KTH; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; stimuli-responsiveness; dynamic covalent reactions; systems chemistry; constitutional dynamics; non-equilibrium systems; nitroaldol reaction; dynamers; reversible polymerization; boronate ester; imine ligand; metal coordination; self–assembly; emergent properties; network topology.; stimuli-responsivitet; dynamiska kovalenta reaktioner; systemkemi; konstitutionell dynamik; icke-jämviktssystem; nitroaldolreaktion; dynamerer; reversibel polymerisation; boronester; iminligand; metallkoordination; själv-organisation; emergenta egenskaper; nätverkstopologi.; Kemi; Chemistry;

    Sammanfattning : Nature tends to inspire research in chemistry. Systems that emerge from molecules interacting via reaction networks is something that life has mastered over the course of evolution in order to produce complexity. Dynamic reactions are key in systems chemistry, where reaction networks give rise to complex, emergent behavior. LÄS MER

  7. 5. Non-equilibrium Surfaces of Metallic Thin Films

    Författare :Erik B. Svedberg; Eric E. Fullerton; Linköpings universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES;

    Sammanfattning : Growth and structural characterization of metallic multilayers have been performed on the Mo/W, Mo/V and Ag/Ni systems utilizing magnetron sputtering under ultra-high-vacuum deposition conditions. Structural characterization has been performed both in situ and ex situ with several electron beam probing techniques as well as x-ray diffraction. LÄS MER