Sökning: "counterion"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 33 avhandlingar innehållade ordet counterion.

1. 1. Investigation of [N-X-N]+ and [N-C-N]+ complexes in solution : Exploring Geometry, Stability and Symmetry

   Författare :Alavi Karim; Göteborgs universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; three center four electron; halonium; carbenium; carbonium; pentavalent; symmetry; NMR; variable temperature; counterion; isotopic perturbation of equilibrium;

   Sammanfattning : Halogen bonding is a weak interaction. In this thesis the three center four electron halogen bond, [N−X−N]+, has been studied. The lighter halogens form highly unstable halonium ions that are reactive towards nucleophiles and their complexes were therefore investigated at low temperatures. LÄS MER

3. 2. Controlling Structure and Water Miscibility of Polyion - Surfactant Ion Complex Salts

   Författare :Jens Norrman; Fysikalisk kemi; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Physical chemistry; Fysikalisk kemi; phase diagram; cubic Pm3n; hexagonal; lamellar; self diffusion; PFG NMR; SAXS; liquid crystals; polymer; counterion; complex; polyelectrolyte; surfactant;

   Sammanfattning : The interaction between poylions and oppositely charged surfactant ions has been investigated. This has been done by using the pure complex salt (polyion + surfactant ion) as a point of departure. Different parameters of the complex salt have been varied in a systematic way and the effect on structure and water miscibility has been investigated. LÄS MER

4. 3. Electrostatic Interactions in Complex Liquids : A Thermodynamic Analysis Based on the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation and the Flexible Surface Model

   Författare :Ingemar Carlsson; Fysikalisk kemi; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; AOT; AerosolOT; ionic surfactant; spontaneous curvature; bending modulus; bending energy; Helfrich curvature energy; fluid membrane; complex liquid; flexible surface model; micelle; counterion; Poisson-Boltzmann equation; cell model; L3 phase; sponge phas; Physical chemistry; Fysikalisk kemi;

   Sammanfattning : The aim of this study was to analyse physico-chemical properties of some complex liquids using the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) cell model; to extend the theory to cover bilayer systems with complex global geometry; finally to apply this new extended model to such bilayer systems. The PB cell model provides a practical tool to examine counterion association and phase behaviour for structures of simple geometries; cylindrical and spherical. LÄS MER

5. 4. Colloidal interactions and arrested dynamics of cellulose nanofibrils

   Författare :Malin Nordenström; Lars Wågberg; Torbjörn Pettersson; Lars Göran Ödberg; Andreas Fall; Wim Thielemans; KTH; []
   Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Cellulose nanofibrils; colloidal interactions; colloidal stability; arrested state; colloidal glass; colloidal gel; tracer diffusion; counterion; steric stabilization; redispersion; redispersion agent; Fiber- och polymervetenskap; Fibre and Polymer Science;

   Sammanfattning : Over the past decades, concerns for the environment have increased and efforts to achieve a sustainable society have intensified. One particular challenge is to replace fossil-based plastics with biodegradable materials produced from renewable resources. LÄS MER

7. 5. Phase Equilibria and Structures of Oppositely Charged Polymers and Surfactants in Water

   Författare :Anna Svensson; Fysikalisk kemi; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; self diffusion; PFG NMR; hexagonal; cubic Pm3n; liquid crystals; SAXS; polymer; counterion; complex; polyelectrolyte; surfactant; Monte Carlo simulations; Physical chemistry; Fysikalisk kemi;

   Sammanfattning : A new approach to the study of aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged polymers and surfactants has been introduced. Pure polyion-surfactant ion complex salts have been synthesized and used as the point of departure. The elimination of the simple ions reduces the number of components in the mixtures, thus greatly simplifying the system. LÄS MER