Sökning: "Costs of plasticity"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 31 avhandlingar innehållade orden Costs of plasticity.

1. 1. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in island populations of Rana temporaria

   Författare :Martin Lind; Frank Johansson; Juha Merilä; Umeå universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Costs of plasticity; Developmental threshold; FST; Local adaptation; Phenotypic plasticity; Pool drying; QST; Freshwater ecology; Limnisk ekologi; zooekologi; Animal Ecology;

   Sammanfattning : Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to express different phenotypes in different environments. Despite its common occurrence, few have investigated differences in plasticity between populations, the selection pressures responsible for it, and costs and constraints associated with it. LÄS MER

3. 2. Brain morphology and behaviour in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) : Effects of plasticity and mosaic brain evolution

   Författare :Stephanie Fong; Niclas Kolm; Björn Rogell; Stephen Montgomery; Stockholms universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; brain plasticity; cognition; reversal learning; spatial learning; directed selection; mosaic brain; heritability; brain morphology; boldness; relative telencephalon size; inhibitory control; detour task; Poecilia reticulata; etologi; Ethology;

   Sammanfattning : Understanding how brains have evolved and subsequently culminated in the huge variation in brain morphology among contemporary vertebrate species has fascinated researchers for many decades. It has been recognized that brain morphology is both genetically and environmentally determined. LÄS MER

4. 3. Phenotypic plasticity and the evolution of an inducible morphological defence in crucian carp

   Författare :Lars Pettersson; Biodiversitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Animal ecology; Benefits; Costs; Predation; Chemical cues; Fish; Djurekologi;

   Sammanfattning : In this thesis, I have investigated factors (cues, benefits, and costs) affecting the evolution of an inducible morphological defence in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Inducible defences are favoured over permanent defences when prey have reliable cues to detect predators, when defences are effective but costly, and when predation pressure is variable and unpredictable, but sometimes strong. LÄS MER

5. 4. Defence on Demand : A physiological perspective on phenotypic plasticity in anti-predator traits

   Författare :Jerker Vinterstare; Enhet akvatisk ekologi; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Phenotypic plasticity; inducible defences; stress physiology; cortisol; immune function; trade-offs; sexual dimorphism; crucian carp; visual ecology; predator-prey interactions; POMC pro-opiomelanocortin ; colour change; eco-immunology; Anti-predator defences; Inducible morphological defence; Phenotypic plasticity; Stress physiology; Cortisol; Immune function; Crucian carp; Predator-prey interactions; Trade-offs; Sexual dimorphism; POMC; Pro-opiomelanocortin; Visual ecology; Eye evolution; Melanin; Eco-immunology; Pace-of-life; Behavioural plasticity;

   Sammanfattning : Almost all species face some degree of predation risk, and, hence, evolution has produced a plethora of anti-predator defences. However, anti-predator strategies require resources, and the prevailing risk of becoming prey is influenced by many factors and rarely constant across time and space. LÄS MER

7. 5. Phenotypic responses of zooplankton to variable conditions

   Författare :Marcus Lee; Enhet akvatisk ekologi; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Multiple threats; Plasticity; Risk-Spreading; sexual conflict; ultraviolet radiation; Daphnia; Copepods;

   Sammanfattning : Organisms are continually challenged by multiple threats in the environment, and such threats are seldom constant in either time or space. Therefore, organisms must maintain physiological, behavioural, morphological and life- history adaptations across environments to prevent reductions in fitness. LÄS MER