Sökning: "translation accuracy"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 51 avhandlingar innehållade orden translation accuracy.

  1. 1. Accuracy of protein synthesis and its tuning by mRNA modifications

    Författare :Gabriele Indrisiunaite; Måns Ehrenberg; Suparna Sanyal; Jaanus Remme; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Ribosome; Protein synthesis; Translation; Accuracy; Release factor; Termination; mRNA modifications; Biology with specialization in Molecular Biology; Biologi med inriktning mot molekylärbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : The ribosome is a large macromolecular complex that synthesizes all proteins in the cell in all kingdoms of life. Proteins perform many vital functions, ranging from catalysis of biochemical reactions to muscle movement. It is essential for cells and organisms that proteins are synthesized rapidly and accurately. LÄS MER

  3. 2. Choice of tRNA on Translating Ribosomes

    Författare :Elli Bouakaz; Måns Ehrenberg; Christian Spahn; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Molecular biology; Ribosome; Translation; Accuracy; Proofreading; tRNA; Molekylärbiologi; Molecular biology; Molekylärbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : This thesis addresses different aspects of the question about accuracy of protein synthesis: i) the mechanism of tRNA selection during translation ii) study of ribosomal mutations that affect accuracy and iii) the choice of aminoacyl-tRNA isoacceptors on synonymous codons.By measuring the codon reading efficiencies of cognate and near-cognate ternary complexes we demonstrate that in optimal physiological conditions accuracy of substrate selection is much higher than previously reported; that during translation the ribosomal A site is not blocked by unspecific binding of the non-cognate tRNAs which would inhibit the speed of protein synthesis. LÄS MER

  4. 3. Evolutionary Mechanisms Shaping Bacterial Translation Termination

    Författare :Shreya Pundir; Suparna Sanyal; Martin Ott; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Ribosome; Protein; Release Factor; Translation; Termination; Stop codon; Evolution; Mutation; Kinetics; Cryo-EM; Molekylär biovetenskap; Molecular Life Sciences;

    Sammanfattning : Translation termination in bacteria involves precise reading of stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) and coordinated peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis by the class-I release factors (RFs) on the ribosome (70S). This thesis investigates the evolutionary and post-translational modification mechanisms of these RFs and the concurrent effect on bacterial translation termination. LÄS MER

  5. 4. Rate and Accuracy of Bacterial Protein Synthesis with Natural and Unnatural Amino Acids

    Författare :Ka-Weng Ieong; Måns Ehrenberg; Simpson Joseph; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Ribosome; protein synthesis; translation; efficiency-accuracy trade-off; kinetics; unnatural amino acids; Molecular Biology; Molekylärbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : This thesis addresses different questions regarding the rate, efficiency, and accuracy of peptide bond formation with natural as well as unnatural amino acids: Which step is rate-limiting during peptide bond formation? How does the accuracy vary with different transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and codons and how is it relevant to the living cells? Does proofreading selection of codon reading occur in a single- or multi-step manner as theoretically suggested? How does the E. coli translation system discriminate unnatural amino acids? Based on that, how to improve the incorporation efficiencies of unnatural amino acids?Based on the study on pH dependence of peptide bond formation, we show that the rate of the chemistry of peptidyl transfer to aminoacyl-tRNA (AA-tRNA) Gly-tRNAGly or Pro-tRNAPro limits the rate of peptide bond formation at physiological pH 7. LÄS MER

  7. 5. Speed and accuracy in transcription and translation : Modelling of transcript and polypeptide elongation

    Författare :Harriet Mellenius; Måns Ehrenberg; Johan Elf; Dan Andersson; Stefan Klumpp; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology with specialization in Molecular Biotechnology; Biologi med inriktning mot molekylär bioteknik;

    Sammanfattning : .... LÄS MER