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1. Symmetry Breaking Ordering Constraints
Sammanfattning : Many problems in business, industry, and academia can be modelled as constraint programs consisting of matrices of decision variables. Such “matrix models” often have symmetry. In particular, they often have row and column symmetry as the rows and columns can freely be permuted without affecting the satisfiability of assignments. LÄS MER
2. Breaking the symmetry : spin splitting of hole subbands in strained quantum wells
Sammanfattning : Properties of the subband structure and related propertiesof quantum wells (QWs) are investigated, within the frameworkof the multi-band envelope function method. The subbands of aQW are replaced by discrete Landau levels when a magnetic fieldis applied perpendicular to the plane of the well. LÄS MER
3. Circle maps with symmetry-breaking perturbations
Sammanfattning : .... LÄS MER
4. Crystallization of the superconducting phase in unconventional superconductors
Sammanfattning : Superconductivity is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, in the sense that a macroscopic number of electrons form a pair condensate, that occupies a single ground state. The electrons in this state are phase-coherent, breaking global U (1)-symmetry, and spatial variations of the phase imply superflows that usually cost kinetic energy, resulting in a uniform and rigid phase. LÄS MER
5. Modeling mesoscopic unconventional superconductors
Sammanfattning : High-temperature superconducting materials are often experimentally realized as thin films that can be patterned into devices operating in the mesoscopic regime. On this length scale, various finite-size and surface effects heavily influence the nature of the superconducting state, and can induce new ground states with spontaneously broken symmetries. LÄS MER