Sökning: "size effects"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 1855 avhandlingar innehållade orden size effects.

1. 1. Modelling and simulation of plastic deformation on small scales : interface conditions and size effects of thin films

   Författare :Per Fredriksson; Peter Gudmundson; Christian Niordson; KTH; []
   Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; Strain gradient plasticity; Size effects; Thin films; Interface; Finite element method; Dislocations; Constitutive behaviour; Hardening behaviour; Indentation; Contact mechanics; Metal matrix composites; Engineering mechanics; Teknisk mekanik;

   Sammanfattning : Contrary to elastic deformation, plastic deformation of crystalline materials, such as metals, is size-dependent. Most commonly, this phenomenon is present but unnoticed, such as the effect of microstructural length scales. LÄS MER

3. 2. Transport and environment incentive policy instruments : effects and interactions

   Författare :Xing Liu; Lars Hultkrantz; James Odeck; Örebro universitet; []
   Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; Congestion pricing; Equity effects; Modal choice; Social marginal cost; Externalities; Transport taxation; Carbon tax; Carbon leakage; Computable General Equilibrium Model; VTTS; Simultaneous decision model; Random utility model; Logistics cost minimization; Additionality; Klimp; Climate subsidy program; Subsidy; CDM; Business Studies; Företagsekonomi;

   Sammanfattning : This dissertation studies issues related to the evaluation of the effects and interactions of transport and environmental incentive policy instruments. Essay 1: Green cars sterilize congestion charges: a model analysis of the reduced impact of Stockholm road tolls calibrates a modal-choice model with data from the Stockholm road toll and uses it to study the sensitivity of congestion toll effects to some seemly subtle changes in the toll system design and external circumstances. LÄS MER

4. 3. Nanomechanics – Quantum Size Effects, Contacts, and Triboelectricity

   Författare :Martin Olsen; Jonas Örtegren; Håkan Olin; Per Gradin; Peter Glans; Rusen Yang; Mittuniversitetet; []
   Nyckelord :triboelectricity; adatom; ion; charge; mound; quantum size effect; triboelctric nanogenerator; TENG; wind driven; contact; nanomechanics; fri electron model; nanowire cantilever;

   Sammanfattning : Nanomechanics is different from the mechanics that we experience in everyday life. At the nano-scale, typically defined as 1 to 100 nanometers, some phenomena are of crucial importance, while the same phenomena can be completely neglected on a larger scale. LÄS MER

5. 4. Evolutionary consequences of maternal effects and stress

   Författare :Piotr K. Rowiński; Björn Rogell; Karl Gotthard; Katja Räsänen; Stockholms universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; parental effects; meta-analysis; development time; bet-hedging; brain size; evolutionary potential; unpredictable environments; zoologisk ekologi; Animal Ecology;

   Sammanfattning : Maternal effects occur when maternal environment or phenotype influence offspring phenotype, in addition to genetic contribution of the mother. As maternal effects often influence phenotypes that are under natural selection, they hence have evolutionary consequences. LÄS MER

7. 5. Why and how brain size evolves : Sociality, predation and allometry

   Författare :Wouter van der Bijl; Niclas Kolm; Joah Madden; Stockholms universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; brain size; brain size evolution; encephalization; predation; predator inspection; sociality; animal contest; constraint; etologi; Ethology;

   Sammanfattning : The evolution of the vertebrate brain has remained a topic of intense interest from biologists over many decades. Evolutionary biologists have seen it as an intriguing example of how the size and structure of a trait evolves across large phylogenies and under body size constraints, with both large shifts in deep evolutionary time and continuous smaller scale adaptation. LÄS MER