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1. 1. Fuel conversion and ash formation interactions : a thermochemical study on lignocellulosic biomass

   Författare :Anna Strandberg; Markus Broström; Rainer Backman; Christoffer Boman; Maria Zevenhoven; Umeå universitet; []
   Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Char conversion; pyrolysis; devolatilization; ash transformation; biomass; fuel characterization; fuel composition; ash composition; silicate formation; carbonate formation; thermogravimetric analysis; micro-tomography;

   Sammanfattning : Biomass is considered to be CO2 neutral, and to be able to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels the need for expanded and sustainable biomass feedstock is increasing. Ash-related problems are some of the most important aspects of this increasing use of new biomass assortments in thermal energy conversion systems. LÄS MER

3. 2. Aspects of Ash Transformations in Pressurised Entrained-Flow Gasification of Woody Biomass : Pilot-scale studies

   Författare :Charlie Ma; Marcus Öhman; Luleå tekniska universitet; []
   Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; woody biomass; gasification; ash transformation; slag behaviour; refractory corrosion; Energiteknik; Energy Engineering;

   Sammanfattning : Pressurised entrained-flow gasification (PEFG) of woody biomass has the potential to produce high purity syngas for the production of vital chemicals, e.g., biofuels. However, ash-related issues such as reactor blockages and refractory corrosion need to be addressed before this potential can be realised from a technical perspective. LÄS MER

4. 3. Pharmaceutical cocrystals : formation mechanisms, solubility behaviour and solid-state properties

   Författare :Amjad Alhalaweh; Peter York; Luleå tekniska universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; crystal engineering; cocrystal; formation; solubility; pH; dissolution; surface properties; solid-state properties; Health Science; Hälsovetenskap;

   Sammanfattning : The primary aim of pharmaceutical materials engineering is the successful formulation and process development of pharmaceutical products. The diversity of solid forms available offers attractive opportunities for tailoring material properties. LÄS MER

5. 4. Effects of Varying Combustion Conditions on PCDD/F Formation

   Författare :Johanna Aurell; Stellan Marklund; Sukh Sidhu; Umeå universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; dioxin; formation; PCDD; PCDF; MSW incineration; transient combustion; sulfur; memory effects; quench time; chlorine; combustion; polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes; NO; water; Environmental chemistry; Miljökemi;

   Sammanfattning : Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are by-products emitted from combustion sources such as municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants. These organic compounds are recognized as toxic, bioaccumulative and persistent in the environment. LÄS MER

7. 5. Thermal formation and chlorination of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds

   Författare :Stina Jansson; Stellan Marklund; Mats Tysklind; Jochen F. Müller; Umeå universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; dioxin; dioxin-like compounds; isomer distribution pattern; homologue profile; injection; O2PLS; PCDD; PCDF; PCN; PCBz; PCPh; MSW combustion; formation; chlorination; flue gas; quench profiles; Environmental chemistry; Miljökemi;

   Sammanfattning : This thesis contributes to an increased understanding of the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in combustion processes. Although emissions to air from waste incineration facilities have been greatly reduced by the use of efficient air pollution control measures, the resulting residues (ashes and filters) are highly toxic and are classified as hazardous waste. LÄS MER