Sökning: "proxy variables"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 45 avhandlingar innehållade orden proxy variables.

1. 1. Methods for improving covariate balance in observational studies

   Författare :Philip Fowler; Xavier de Luna; Ingeborg Waernbaum; Martin Huber; Umeå universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; causal effect; coarsening; discretisation; proxy variables; register study; swedish social insurance agency; unobserved variables;

   Sammanfattning : This thesis contributes to the field of causal inference, where the main interest is to estimate the effect of a treatment on some outcome. At its core, causal inference is an exercise in controlling for imbalance (differences) in covariate distributions between the treated and the controls, as such imbalances otherwise can bias estimates of causal effects. LÄS MER

3. 2. Intergenerational Persistence and Ethnic Disparities in Education

   Författare :Per Engzell; Jan O. Jonsson; Carina Mood; Jenny Torssander; Richard Breen; Stockholms universitet; []
   Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; education; endogeneity; equality of opportunity; ethnic inequality; immigrant selectivity; large-scale assessments; measurement error; proxy variables; social origin; socioeconomic status; Sweden; Sociology; sociologi;

   Sammanfattning : This thesis consists of four self-contained essays in the sociology of educational stratification. Study I draws on newly collected survey data to assess the biases that arise in estimating socioeconomic differences in achievement when relying on parent and student reported data on social background. LÄS MER

4. 3. Coastal signals of environmental changes: foraminifera as benthic monitors

   Författare :Inda Brinkmann; Kvartärgeologi; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; benthic foraminifera; proxy calibration; trace element geochemistry; environmental DNA; deoxygenation; drought; coastal environments;

   Sammanfattning : Climate changes, tightly linked to anthropogenic activities, are significantly altering environments and ecosystems globally, such as by increasing marine and coastal deoxygenation or occurrences of extreme weather events. The significance of paleoenvironmental and -climate reconstructions, as well as monitoring of current conditions, for unravelling baseline natural variation, today’s changes and potential future impacts, has been recognised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. LÄS MER

5. 4. Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury, Patient Variables, Outcomes and Knee Osteoarthritis

   Författare :Paul Neuman; Enheten för led- och mjukvävnadsforskning; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; meniscal injury; knee osteoarthritis; knee radiography; Anterior cruciate ligament injury ACL ; delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage dGEMRIC ;

   Sammanfattning : The ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to immediate symptoms that severely affect the individual and receives great attention among the scientific community, yet there is still no consensus on the optional form of treatment. An ACL injury is also a well known high risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) some decades later. LÄS MER

7. 5. Essays on Conflict, Institutions, and Ethnic Diversity

   Författare :Pelle Ahlerup; Göteborgs universitet; []
   Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; civil war; earthquakes; economic development; economic growth; ethnicity; ethnic diversity; government effectiveness; human origins; instrumental variables; investment; institutions; nationalism; nation-building; natural disasters; property rights; protectionism; social capital;

   Sammanfattning : The thesis consists of five self-contained papers. Paper 1: Social Capital vs Institutions in the Growth Process Is social capital a substitute or a complement to formal institutions for achieving economic growth? Research on the impacts of social capital and formal institutions on economic development have so far mainly emerged as two distinct …elds. LÄS MER