Sökning: "nicotine dependence"

Visar resultat 6 - 10 av 19 avhandlingar innehållade orden nicotine dependence.

  1. 6. Neurobiological basis of the nicotine withdrawal reaction : an experimental analysis

    Författare :Bengt E Hildebrand; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
    Nyckelord :rat; nicotine; nicotine withdrawal; behavior; locomotor activity; microdialysis; intracerebral injections; mesolimbocortical; dopamine; ventral tegmental area; nucleus accumbens; amygdala; immediate-early genes; c-fos;

    Sammanfattning : The mesolimbocortical dopamine (DA) system is pivotal for the mediation of the reinforcing effects of many dependence-producing drugs. It consists of cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that project to e.g. the nucleus accumbens (NAC), the central nucleus of amygdala (CNA) and the medial prefrontal cortex. LÄS MER

  3. 7. Tobacco use and dependence : does it originate in utero?

    Författare :Mina Rydell; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
    Nyckelord :;

    Sammanfattning : Prenatal nicotine exposure (such as from maternal smoking during pregnancy) has been hypothesized to cause a so called programming effect, where epigenetic changes might result in a long-lasting vulnerability to tobacco use and dependence, manifesting during adolescence or young adulthood. However, previous observational studies show mixed results, perhaps because the association could be influenced by a common genetic predisposition to tobacco use as well as by social factors influencing both parental tobacco use during pregnancy and tobacco use in the offspring. LÄS MER

  4. 8. Effects of nicotine on mesolimbocortical dopaminergic neurotransmission : a pharmacological study in the rat

    Författare :Magnus Nisell; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
    Nyckelord :nicotine; dopamine; ventral tegmental area; accumbens; prefrontal cortex; c-fos; drug-dependence; sensitization; mecamylamine; D; receptors; SCH 23390;

    Sammanfattning : Tobacco-smoking represents a form of drug addiction to nicotine (NlC) and the reinforcing and dependence-producing properties of NIC depend largely on central dopamine (DA) neurons, located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting mainly to the nucleus accumbens (NAc; mesolimbic DA system) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC; mesocortical DA system). Generally, the mesolimbic DA system plays a pivotal role in the reinforcing effects of natural rewards as well as of drugs of abuse. LÄS MER

  5. 9. On the role of NMDA receptor subunits in the acute and chronic effects of nicotine

    Författare :Alexander Kosowski; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
    Nyckelord :PCR; microdialysis; Wistar;

    Sammanfattning : Nicotine is considered the main dependence-producing constituent in tobacco products. In analogy with other drugs of abuse, nicotine enhances dopamine (DA) neurotransmission within the mesocorticolimbic DA system. LÄS MER

  7. 10. Issues of validity in longitudinal studies of youth tobacco use

    Författare :Ann Post; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
    Nyckelord :Cohort; validity; smoking; smokeless tobacco; adolescents; participation; consent; retrospective reports; nicotine dependence; attrition;

    Sammanfattning : In the Stockholm region, a prospective longitudinal study: BROMS Cohort Study (Children s Smoking and Environment in the Stockholm County) was conducted between 1997 and 2005, with the primary aim to investigate determinants of adolescents´ tobacco use. It was based on a sample recruited in schools with junior high grades. LÄS MER