Sökning: "nicotine dependence"

Visar resultat 11 - 15 av 19 avhandlingar innehållade orden nicotine dependence.

1. 11. Inherited smoking behaviour and Human Epididymis Protein 4 predict smoking-related morbidity and mortality

   Författare :Sara Halldén; Kardiovaskulär forskning - hypertoni; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Smoking; nicotine dependence; GWAS; SNP; prediction; CVD; cancer; COPD; prevention; biomarkers; HE4; dyspnea;

   Sammanfattning : GENERAL AIM: To investigate prognostic markers identifying smokers with increased risk of smoking-related diseases in the population. BACKGROUND: Gene variance in the BDNF- respectively CHRNA-gene has been implicated in different smoking behaviours and the risk alleles have also demonstrated an additional risk increase of smoking-related diseases. LÄS MER

3. 12. Nicotinic effects on midbrain dopamine neurons : a dual mechanism of action

   Författare :Björn Schilström; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Nyckelord :nicotine; dopamine; ventral tegmental area; glutamate; microdialysis; Fos expression; NMDA receptor; presynaptic;

   Sammanfattning : The neurons of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system are located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the mesencephalon and send their projections to forebrain structures, such as the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens. The dopamine system is important in regulating mood and motivation as well as cognitive function and appear to be primarily involved in drug dependence, since most drugs abused by man stimulate this system. LÄS MER

4. 13. Afferent input to midbrain dopamine neurones and its modulation : an electrophysiological study i vitro

   Författare :Pernilla Grillner; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Nyckelord :dopamine neurones; synaptic transmission; NMDA receptors; L-type Ca2 channels; presynaptic inhibition; metabotropic glutamate receptors; muscarine; nicotine;

   Sammanfattning : Dopamine (DA) neurones of the ventral mesencephalon are involved in the control of reward related behaviour, cognitive functions and motor performances, and provide a critical site of action for major categories of neuropsychiatric drugs, such as antipsychotic agents, dependence producing drugs and anti-Parkinson medication. The midbrain DA neurones are mainly located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). LÄS MER

5. 14. Intelligence and cardiovascular health : epidemiological studies of swedish men

   Författare :Karin Modig Wennerstad; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Nyckelord :;

   Sammanfattning : Aim: A first aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between intelligence in early adulthood and health outcomes, mainly cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, CVD, later in life using register-based data on Swedish men. A second aim was to increase understanding of the pathways between intelligence and CVD morbidity/mortality by studying the association between intelligence and smoking habits and nicotine dependence, who might act as mediators of the association between intelligence and mortality. LÄS MER

7. 15. Environmental and Genetic Influences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its Comorbidities

   Författare :Andrea Johansson Capusan; Preben Bendtsen; Henrik Larsson; Ina Marteinsdottir Marteinsdottir; Jaakko Kaprio; Linköpings universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES;

   Sammanfattning : Research in past decades has demonstrated the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood, but many questions regarding prevalence, causes, and comorbidities of ADHD in adults remain to be investigated. Previous research focusing on childhood ADHD identified high heritability. LÄS MER