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1. 1. Thyroid function and iodine nutrition in women during pregnancy and in their neonates : Studies among Sudanese subjects

   Författare :Aboud Eltom; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Obstetrics and gynaecology; odine; goitre; thyroid function; thyroglobulin; pregnancy; labour; newborns; Sweden; Sudan; Obstetrik och kvinnosjukdomar; Obstetrics and women s diseases; Obstetrik och kvinnosjukdomar; pediatrik; Pediatrics;

   Sammanfattning : The studies described in this thesis were carried out in Sudan and Sweden. Pregnant Sudanese women, who had a significantly lower urinary iodine concentration than their Swedish counterparts, showed significantly lower thyrotrophin (TSH) levels in weeks 36-39 of pregnancy and higher free thyroxine (FT4) levels both in weeks 20-24 and 36-39 of pregnancy than Swedish pregnant women. LÄS MER

3. 2. Coagulase-negative staphylococci septicaemia in newborns : aspects on host-bacterial interactions with special regard to neutrophil and endothelial response

   Författare :Maria Björkqvist; Stellan Håkansson; Linköpings universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICINE; MEDICIN;

   Sammanfattning : Newborn infants, especially those born preterm, are immunologically immature and prone to invasive infections. As a result of the increasing survival of very preterm (VPT < 31 weeks gestational age) newborns, nosocomial septicaemia has become a major concern the neonatal intensive care, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are nowadays the most frequently isolated pathogens in neonatal blood cultures. LÄS MER

4. 3. Procedural and postoperative pain-reducing methods in newborns

   Författare :Björn A Larsson; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Nyckelord :Analgesia; anaesthesia; topical; local; epidural; lidocame; prilocaine; bupivacame; venepuncture; heel-lancing; skin thickness; skin perfusion; infant; neonate;

   Sammanfattning : The neonate has a functioning nociceptive system. However, neonates are probably more vulnerable than the older infants and adults to the negative effects of pain. Untreated pain and stress stimuli may have long-term effects. It is, therefore, very important to find ways to reduce pain and painful stimuli in neonates. LÄS MER

5. 4. Enhancing survival of mothers and their newborns in Tanzania

   Författare :Godfrey Mbaruku; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Nyckelord :Maternal mortality; intervention; audit; Kigoma. Tanzania;

   Sammanfattning : General aims: The main purpose of the present studies was to examine the problem of maternal and perinatal mortality in an upcountry region of a low-income country. This was done by estimating the magnitude of maternal and perinatal mortality, both in the hospital and in the community, through elucidating the underlying causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, and by initiating low-cost interventions and monitoring mechanisms in order to enhance the survival of mothers and their newborns, in Kigoma, Tanzania. LÄS MER

7. 5. Procedural pain reducing methods and pain assessment in newborns

   Författare :Maria Gradin; Ragnar Olegård; Linköpings universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICINE; MEDICIN;

   Sammanfattning : Our knowledge of pain in neonates has increased significantly during the last fifteen years.We now have an improved understanding of the pain system and of the negative effects of untreated pain. Advances in neonatal care have increased the nwnber of preterm and severely ill infants who are treated in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). LÄS MER