Sökning: "mechanical pulp"
Visar resultat 6 - 10 av 242 avhandlingar innehållade orden mechanical pulp.
6. Optimization of process integration investments under energy market uncertainties
Sammanfattning : The increased climate concern in society puts pressure on industries to decrease their energy use in different ways, and a number of studies show that there is a large potential for improved energy efficiency in the energy-intensive industry, for example through process integration. Uncertainties about future energy prices and policy instruments make it, however, difficult to evaluate and compare different kinds of energy-saving measures with respect to net present value as well as reduction of CO2 emissions. LÄS MER
7. Continuum modelling of the mechanical response of paper-based materials
Sammanfattning : Continuum based elasto-plastic-damage models for paperboard have been established in this work. The thesis begins with an introductory section that describes the mechanical properties of paperboard and some of the converting processes during forming of a package. LÄS MER
8. Mechanical Pulp. Effects of Pretreatment and Wood Source on Fiber Separation and Pulp Properties
Sammanfattning : The work presented in this thesis concerns the mechanical pulping process and the effects of wood source and pretreatment conditions on the pulp properties. In the first part, the deformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood samples was investigated under shear and torsional loading at different temperatures (20-95°C) and sulfonation conditions. LÄS MER
9. Ultrastructural Aspects of Pulp Fibers as Studied by Dynamic FT-IR Spectroscopy
Sammanfattning : Dynamic (or 2D) FT-IR spectroscopy in combination withpolarized IR irradiation has been used in this work to studywood polymer orientation and interactions on theultrastructural level in wood fibers in the native state aswell as the effects of different pulping processes. The woodpolymer interactions were studied under both dry and humidconditions. LÄS MER
10. Analysing different technology pathways for the pulp and paper industry in a European energy systems perspective
Sammanfattning : For the pulp and paper industry (PPI), earlier research has shown that there are many technology pathways, proven and new, available for improvement of energy efficiency and additional sales of (new) products. Some pathways can only be implemented in kraft mills, e.g. black liquor gasification (BLG), but some can be implemented industry-wide, e. LÄS MER