Sökning: "external cost"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 257 avhandlingar innehållade orden external cost.

  1. 1. External Fixation of Femoral Fractures in Children : Clinical, radiological and functional outcome and cost analysis

    Författare :Hanne Hedin; Lars Engesäter; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Medicine; Femoral fractures; children; external fixation; overgrowth; malunion; isokinetic muscle strength; cost analysis; Medicin; Dermatology and venerology; clinical genetics; internal medicine; Dermatologi och venerologi; klinisk genetik; invärtesmedicin; Orthopaedics; ortopedi;

    Sammanfattning : The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the outcome when treating children for displaced femoral fractures with external fixation.In a consecutive and prospective study during the period 1993-2000, 96 children aged 3-15 years with 98 displaced femoral fractures were treated with external fixation and early mobilisation. The mean age was 8. LÄS MER

  3. 2. Considering external costs : Their influence on technical measures in energy systems

    Författare :Annelie Carlson; Christian Azar; Linköpings universitet; []
    Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY;

    Sammanfattning : It is well known that conversion of energy gives rise to several environmental problems. The impact on the environment and human health can involve substantial indirect costs for society. These indirect costs are also known as external costs, since the market often does not consider them. LÄS MER

  4. 3. External relations in the product development process : a study of biotechnology firms in Sweden

    Författare :Håkan Alm; Maureen McKelvey; Linköpings universitet; []
    Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; Product Development; Innovation Processes; External Relations; Collaboration; Biotechnology; Evolutionary and Competence-Based Theories of the Firm; Transaction Cost Economics; Produktutveckling; Bioteknikindustri; Sverige; INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AREAS; TVÄRVETENSKAPLIGA FORSKNINGSOMRÅDEN;

    Sammanfattning : The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how and why firms use external relations and collaboration in the innovation process. These issues are discussed at both industry and firm levels. LÄS MER

  5. 4. Valuation and pricing of traffic safety

    Författare :Gunnar Lindberg; Lars Hultkrantz; Olof Johansson-Stenman; Örebro universitet; []
    Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; Value of statistical life; Marginal cost pricing; External cost; Risk elasticity; Pricing policies; Traffic accidents; Railway accidents; Heavy goods vehicle accidents; Economics; Nationalekonomi; Economics; Nationalekonomi;

    Sammanfattning : This thesis consists of six essays covering the topic of valuation and pricing of accidents. In the first essay a theory of the external marginal cost of accidents is presented. The external cost is dependent on the value of statistical life, the proportion internal cost and the so called risk elasticity, i.e. LÄS MER

  7. 5. Comparative Assessment of Fuel-Based Systems for Space Heating

    Författare :Åsa Karlsson; Miljö- och energisystem; []
    Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; Energiforskning; Energy research; cogeneration; district heating; electric heating; external cost; carbon dioxide mitigation; detached houses; fossil fuels; Energy systems; bioenergy;

    Sammanfattning : Replacing fossil fuels by biofuels and increasing energy efficiency are often considered to be options for reducing the net emission of greenhouse gases. This thesis presents the results of analyses of energy efficiency, emission and cost of whole energy system chains, from the natural resource to the end user when heating detached houses in a Swedish context. LÄS MER