Sökning: "contextual determinants"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 44 avhandlingar innehållade orden contextual determinants.

  1. 1. Perinatal determinants of type 1 diabetes - A social epidemiological perspective

    Författare :Kristian Lynch; Celiaki och diabetes; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; area variance; multilevel modeling; contextual determinants; islet autoantibodies; type 1 diabetes; propensity score matching;

    Sammanfattning : Background and Aims: While the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in childhood is in part genetically conditioned, non-genetic/environmental factors seem to play a decisive role in its aetiology. The incidence of T1D has been increasing rapidly during the last years, and its prevalence is higher in countries of high economical welfare like Sweden. LÄS MER

  3. 2. Nutrition transition and the double burden of malnutrition in Indonesia : a mixed method approach exploring social and contextual determinants of malnutrition

    Författare :Masoud Vaezghasemi; Nawi Ng; Ann Öhman; Malin Eriksson; Anna Winkvist; Umeå universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Double burden of malnutrition; Child obesity; Body Mass Index; Gender relations; Social capital; Multilevel modelling; Grounded theory; Indonesian Family Life Surveys; Indonesia; folkhälsa; Public health;

    Sammanfattning : IntroductionNutrition transition concerns the broad changes in the human diet that have occurred over time and space. In low- to middle-income countries such as Indonesia, nutrient transition describes shifts from traditional diets high in cereal and fibre towards Western pattern diets high in sugars, fat, and animal-source foods. LÄS MER

  4. 3. Antibiotic use among children in low- and middle-income countries : Studies on global trends, and contextual determinants of antibiotic prescribing in Eastern Uganda

    Författare :Gbemisola Allwell-Brown; Emily White Johansson; Andreas Mårtensson; Freddy Kitutu; Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb; Susanne Strömdahl; Mike English; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; antibiotic; child; low- and middle-income countries; LMICs; fever; under-five; Uganda; primary healthcare; health systems; Social Medicine; Socialmedicin; International Health; Internationell hälsa; Epidemiologi; Epidemiology; Family Medicine; Allmänmedicin; Pediatrik; Pediatrics;

    Sammanfattning : This thesis aimed to systematically map trends in reported antibiotic use (RAU) among sick under-five children across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in 2005-2017, and, to understand the contextual determinants of antibiotic prescribing in Eastern Uganda. Based on 132 national surveys from 73 LMICs, and using Bayesian linear regression models, trends in RAU among sick under-five children (with symptoms of fever, diarrhoea or cough with fast/difficult breathing) across LMICs in 2005-2017 were mapped by WHO region, World Bank country income group, symptom complaint (Study-I), and by the following user characteristics: rural/urban residence, maternal education, household wealth and source of care (Study-II). LÄS MER

  5. 4. Essays on the Determinants and Measurement of Subjective Well-Being

    Författare :Martin Berlin; Markus Jäntti; Andrew Clark; Stockholms universitet; []
    Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; subjective well-being; happiness; life satisfaction; affect; income; cash margin; time use; measurement error; ordinal response models; cardinality; Economics; nationalekonomi;

    Sammanfattning : This thesis consists of four self-contained essays in economics, all concerned with different aspects of subjective well-being. The abstracts of the four studies are as follows.Beyond Income: The Importance for Life Satisfaction of Having Access to a Cash Margin. LÄS MER

  7. 5. Risk and Rationality : Effects of contextual risk and cognitive dissonance on (sexual) incentives

    Författare :Andréa Mannberg; Karl-Gustaf Löfgren; Magnus Johannesson; Umeå universitet; []
    Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; HIV AIDS; Health risk; Uncertainty; Risk aversion; Self-Control; Time-inconsistency; Cognitive dissonance; Regret; Norms; Social identity; Economics; Nationalekonomi; Economics; nationalekonomi;

    Sammanfattning : Paper [I] theoretically analyzes how the level and uncertainty of future prospects affect incentives to abstain from sexual risk taking in the presence of HIV. The results suggest that, for individuals with limited access to HIV treatment, uncertainty of future health may be an important factor driving unsafe sex practices and support the empirical finding of a weak link between sexual behavior, HIV prevalence, and HIV knowledge in poor countries; therefore suggesting that AIDS policy needs to be calibrated in order to fit within different social contexts. LÄS MER