Sökning: "basal ganglia"

Visar resultat 6 - 10 av 99 avhandlingar innehållade orden basal ganglia.

1. 6. Effects of antipsychotics on GABA neurons in the basal ganglia of the rat

   Författare :Jiang Yu; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Neurosciences; antipsychotics; γ-aminobutyric acid; glutamic acid decarboxylase; basal ganglia; entopeduncular nucleus; vacuous chewing movements; Neurovetenskap; Neurology; Neurologi; Psychiatry; psykiatri;

   Sammanfattning : Antipsychotics are used in the treatment of psychosis and, based on their propensities to induce extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), are divided into typical (haloperidol) and atypical (clozapine) subtypes. The incidence of EPS, arises from an imbalance in the neurotransmission between two majorGABAergic pathways of the basal ganglia that connect the striatum directly to the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and the substantia nigra reticulata or indirectly via the globus pallidus and the subthalamic nucleus. LÄS MER

3. 7. Computational Dissection of the Basal Ganglia : functions and dynamics in health and disease

   Författare :Mikael Lindahl; Jeanette Hällgren Kotaleski; Mark Humphries; KTH; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Computer Science; Datalogi;

   Sammanfattning : The basal ganglia (BG), a group of nuclei in the forebrain of all vertebrates, are important for behavioral selection. BG receive contextual input from most cortical areas as well as from parts of the thalamus, and provide output to brain systems that are involved in the generation of behavior, i.e. the thalamus and the brain stem. LÄS MER

4. 8. Neuronal Cell Death and Restoration in the Basal Ganglia: Implications for Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases

   Författare :Oskar Hansson; Neurobiologi; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; basal ganglia; Parkinson s disease; Huntington s disease; neural transplantation; restoration; NMDA receptor; excitotoxicity; calcium; caspase; neuronal cell death; apoptosis; transgenic mouse; Neurology; neuropsychology; neurophysiology; Neurologi; neuropsykologi; neurofysiologi;

   Sammanfattning : Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder presenting with chorea, dementia and extensive striatal neuronal death. The mechanism through which the widely expressed mutant huntingtin mediates striatal neurotoxicity is unknown. Excitotoxicity, i.e. LÄS MER

5. 9. The role of cortico-basal ganglia systems in the construction of movement: Action selection and sequencing

   Författare :Joel Sjöbom; Integrativ neurofysiologi; []
   Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Neurophysiology; Electrophysiology; Voluntary movements; In-vivo; Motor Cortex; Corticostriatal; Basal Ganglia;

   Sammanfattning : The cortico-basal ganglia system is instrumental in the construction of movement, through its involvement in aspects such as action selection, initiation/termination and sequencing, though the precise role of the different structures and how they collaborate on a network level to allow us to fluidly change from one behavior to another has long proven to be elusive.We have here recorded neuronal activity throughout the cortico-basal ganglia circuit in rats, in a series of projects in order to understand more about how some of these functions are controlled. LÄS MER

7. 10. The functional organisation of basal ganglia inputs

   Författare :Yvonne Johansson; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska Institutet; []
   Nyckelord :;

   Sammanfattning : The basal ganglia allow organisms to adjust their behaviour according to changes in their internal state or their environment. One essential prerequisite for the selection and execution of appropriate movements is the convergence of inputs from various sources, conveying sensory information, motor commands, reward value, and more. LÄS MER