Sökning: "Pancreatic islets"

Visar resultat 11 - 15 av 235 avhandlingar innehållade orden Pancreatic islets.

  1. 11. Prevention of beta-cell dysfunction via targeting novel GPCRs in pancreatic islets

    Författare :Rajesh Kumar; Islet cell physiology; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Type II Diabetes; GPCR; Pancreatic islets; Estrogen; Alpha-1 antitrypsin.;

    Sammanfattning : The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in insulin secretion and beta-cell survival. The second aim was to determine which pathway is involved in insulin release and beta-cell protection via GPCRs. LÄS MER

  3. 12. Mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in pancreatic islets

    Författare :Sandra Meidute; Islet cell physiology; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; hormone secretion; cell stress; Pancreatic beta-cell; cellular signalling; GPR40; diabetes;

    Sammanfattning : Although it has been known for many years that long-term exposure of pancreatic islets to a high level of free fatty acids (FFA) or glucose negatively modulates islet hormone release, the identities of signals mediating these effects are not yet fully clarified. The overall objective of this study was to investigate signal transduction pathways involved in FFA- and glucose-exerted effects on beta-cell function during both short-term as well as long-term exposure. LÄS MER

  4. 13. Somatostatin Receptor Expression and Biological Functions in Endocrine Pancreatic Cells

    Författare :Eva Ludvigsen; Stellan Sandler; Eva Tiensuu Janson; Mats Stridsberg; Frank Sundler; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Cell biology; somatostatin; somatostatin receptors; somatostatin analogues; NOD mouse; type 1 diabetes; pancreatic islets; BON-1 cells; Cellbiologi; Cell biology; Cellbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : Type 1 diabetes is resulting from the selective destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells within the pancreatic islets. Somatostatin acts as an inhibitor of hormone secretion through specific receptors (sst1-5). LÄS MER

  5. 14. Studies of cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in pancreatic islet cells

    Författare :Hongyan Shuai; Anders Tengholm; Erik Gylfe; Sebastian Barg; Albert Salehi; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; pancreatic islet; insulin; glucagon; somatostatin; pancreatic polypeptide; exendin- 9-39 ; GLP-1; GIP; ATP; adenosine; cAMP; Ca2 ; β-cell; α-cell; δ-cell; PP-cell;

    Sammanfattning : The blood glucose-lowering and -elevating hormones insulin and glucagon are released from the pancreatic islet β- and α-cells, respectively. The intracellular messengers Ca2+ and cAMP have central roles in controlling the secretion of both hormones, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. LÄS MER

  7. 15. The beneficial Effects of Neural Crest Stem Cells on Pancreatic      β–cells

    Författare :Anongnad Ngamjariyawat; Elena Kozlova; Leif Jansson; Jens Nielsen; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Neural Crest Stem Cells; Pancreatic Islets; β-cell proliferation; β-cell survival; Cadherin; Medical Science; Medicinsk vetenskap;

    Sammanfattning : Patients with type-1 diabetes lose their β-cells after autoimmune attack. Islet transplantation is a co-option for curing this disease, but survival of transplanted islets is poor. Thus, methods to enhance β-cell viability and function as well as methods to expand β-cell mass are required. LÄS MER