Sökning: "NPEs"
Hittade 4 avhandlingar innehållade ordet NPEs.
1. Cation adsorption properties of substituted kraft fibres : an experimental and thermodynamic modelling study
Sammanfattning : Acid/base and metal ion adsorption properties have been investigated for a range of chemically modified bleached Kraft fibre materials (pulps). The studies were performed via potentiometric titrations, Flame Atomic Absorbtion (and Emission) Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Extended X-ray Absorbtion Fine Structure measurements. LÄS MER
2. Inorganic ions in wood chips- Leaching prior to Kraft pulping and effect of calcium on Kraft delignification
Sammanfattning : Wood is the main source of Non-Process Elements (NPEs), such as, calcium, potassium, manganese and chloride in Kraft pulp mills. Due to the recirculation of cooking chemicals and water, process disturbances related to the accumulation of NPEs in the process streams are inevitable. LÄS MER
3. Indirect Exploitation of Intellectual Property Rights By Corporations and Investors: IP Privateering & Modern Letters of Marque & Reprisal
Sammanfattning : Competitive pressures and rent-seeking behaviors have motivated companies and investors to develop indirect techniques for beneficially exploiting third-party intellectual property rights (IPRs) that qualitatively depart from the slate of direct exploitation tools whose usage has been honed during the past 30 years of the pro-patent era. Companies have increasingly realized that they do not need to create IPRs themselves to exploit them beneficially, which has been the conventional usage pattern. LÄS MER
4. Exploring the Boundaries of Patent Commercialization Models via Litigation
Sammanfattning : This thesis explores direct patent commercialization via patent assertion, particularly patent infringement litigation, a complex nonmarket activity whose successful undertaking requires knowledge, creativity, and financial resources, as well as a colorable infringement case. Despite these complexities, firms have increasingly employed patents as competitive tools via patent assertions, particularly in the United States. LÄS MER