Sökning: "Langerhans cell"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 111 avhandlingar innehållade orden Langerhans cell.

  1. 1. α-Cell signalling in glucose-regulated glucagon secretion

    Författare :Qian Yu; Anders Tengholm; Erik Gylfe; Sebastian Barg; David W Piston; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Islets; glucagon; insulin; somatostatin; ATP; cAMP; Ca2 ; GHB; oscillations; α-cell; β-cell; δ-cell; Medical Cell Biology; Medicinsk cellbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : Glucagon is a blood glucose-elevating hormone released from α-cells in the islets of Langerhans during hypoglycaemia. Glucagon is critical for glucose homeostasis and inappropriate regulation of its secretion underlies both impaired counter-regulation of hypoglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes patients. LÄS MER

  3. 2. Pulsatile insulin release from single islets of Langerhans

    Författare :Johanna Westerlund; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Cell biology; islets of Langerhans; insulin; ELISA; cytoplasmic calcium; oscillations; type 2 diabetes; glucose; diazoxide; potassium; tolbutamide; DNP; antimycin A; iodoacetamide; microfluorometry; fura-2; KATP channels; Cellbiologi; Cell biology; Cellbiologi; medicinsk cellbiologi; Medical Cell Biology;

    Sammanfattning : Insulin release from single islets of Langerhans is pulsatile. The secretory activities of the islets in the pancreas are coordinated resulting in plasma insulin oscillations. Nutrients amplitude-regulate the insulin pulses without influencing their frequency. LÄS MER

  4. 3. On the Generation of cAMP Oscillations and Regulation of the Ca2+ Store-operated Pathway in Pancreatic Islet α- and β-cells

    Författare :Geng Tian; Erik Gylfe; Anders Tengholm; Patrick Gilon; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; cAMP; oscillations; adrenaline; GLP-1; phosphodiesterase; palmitate; STIM1; Orai1; store-operated calcium entry; insulin secretion; glucagon secretion; β-cell; α-cell; Medical Cell Biology; Medicinsk cellbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : Insulin and glucagon are released in pulses from pancreatic β- and α-cells, respectively. Both cell types are electrically excitable, and elevation of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) due to depolarization with voltage-dependent entry of the cation is the main trigger of hormone secretion. LÄS MER

  5. 4. Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Melatonin in Regulation of β-cell Sensitivity to Cytokines

    Författare :Annika K. Andersson; Stellan Sandler; Nils Welsh; Décio L. Eizirik; Nils Billestrup; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Cell biology; β-cell; Cyclooxygenase; Cytokine; Diabetes; IFN-γ; IL-1β; iNOS; Insulin; Melatonin; Nitric oxide; Pancreatic islets; Phospholipase D; Prostaglandin E2; Streptozotocin; Cellbiologi; Cell biology; Cellbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : The mechanisms of β-cell destruction leading to type 1 diabetes are complex and not yet fully understood, but infiltration of the islets of Langerhans by autoreactive immune cells is believed to be important. Activated macrophages and T-cells may then secrete cytokines and free radicals, which could selectively damage the β-cells. LÄS MER

  7. 5. In vitro Studies of β-cell Death and Survival. Modulation by Adenoviral Vectors and Bcl-2 Overexpression

    Författare :Andreea Roxana Barbu; Nils Welsh; Decio Eiziric; Uppsala universitet; []
    Nyckelord :MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP; MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES; Cell biology; β-cell; cytokine; mitochondrial membrane potential; Bcl-2; Adenoviral vector; Adenovirus; IFN-α; Diabetes; Cellbiologi; Cell biology; Cellbiologi;

    Sammanfattning : Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial disease resulting from the selective destruction of insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The mechanisms of β-cell death are not fully understood but cytokines are important mediators of this process. LÄS MER