Dengue Prevention and Control in Indonesia : a case study in Yogyakarta City

Sammanfattning: Background: Integrated efforts that involve many public health sectors are required to combatdengue in any setting. Hospitals are responsible for providing accurate diagnosis and reportingconfirmed dengue cases to the health authorities, which serves as an alarm for increasingpreventive measures. Community participation in dengue vector control is essential becauseit affects sustainability and cost-effectiveness of preventive and control. This thesis aimed toprovide an in-depth understanding of dengue prevention and control in Yogyakarta, Indonesia,in order to contribute to strengthening the country’s health system and the implementation ofstandardized and well-accepted dengue control strategies. Several aspects have been studiedin term of dengue prevention and control (case management and reporting, surveillance andvector control) in a dengue-endemic region of Indonesia – namely, Yogyakarta.Methods: This thesis comprises four individual research studies: Knowledge, Attitude andPractice (KAP) survey, control card intervention, implementation of the Jumantik programmeand dengue case management and reporting in hospital. A descriptive analysis, followed by apre-post assessment, was performed in the community. A mixed-method approach was usedfor assessing the Jumantik programme and qualitative approach was conducted for the hospitalstudy.Results: The findings indicated that: (i) KAP regarding dengue vector control were sufficient butcertain aspects still had weaknesses; (ii) level of community participation in vector control wasnot satisfactory for several reasons, including lacking time, being busy with work and memberof the community feel that vector control was not their responsibility; (iii) the Jumantikprogramme dealt with various obstacles, especially those related to public acceptance; (iv)coordination between the district health office and hospitals for early dengue detection didnot run optimally. We also found that standard operating procedures for dengue managementdiffered between hospitals.Conclusions: The results clearly show that dengue prevention and control efforts in Yogyakartaface certain challenges that must be addressed. While many World Health Organizationrecommendations are being followed, the weaknesses found in some aspects of theimplementation, as well as the lack of integration for various dengue prevention and controlelements, need to be promptly addressed.