Fabrication, characterization, and modeling of metallic source/drain MOSFETs

Sammanfattning: As scaling of CMOS technology continues, the control of parasitic source/drain (S/D) resistance (RSD) is becoming increasingly challenging. In order to control RSD, metallic source/drain MOSFETs have attracted significant attention, due to their low resistivity, abrupt junction and low temperature processing (?700 °C). A key issue is reducing the contact resistance between metal and channel, since small Schottky barrier height (SBH) is needed to outperform doped S/D devices. A promising method to decrease the effective barrier height is dopant segregation (DS). In this work several relevant aspects of Schottky barrier (SB) contacts are investigated, both by simulation and experiment, with the goal of improving performance and understanding of SB-MOSFET technology:First, measurements of low contact resistivity are challenging, since systematic error correction is needed for extraction. In this thesis, a method is presented to determine the accuracy of extracted contact resistivity due to propagation of random measurement error.Second, using Schottky diodes, the effect of dopant segregation of beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), and tellurium (Te) on the SBH of NiSi is demonstrated. Further study of Be is used to analyze the mechanism of Schottky barrier lowering.Third, in order to fabricate short gate length MOSFETs, the sidewall transfer lithography process was optimized for achieving low sidewall roughness lines down to 15 nm. Ultra-thin-body (UTB) and tri-gate SB-MOSFET using PtSi S/D and As DS were demonstrated. A simulation study was conducted showing DS can be modeled by a combination of barrier lowering and doped Si extension.Finally, a new Schottky contact model was implemented in a multi-subband Monte Carlo simulator for the first time, and was used to compare doped-S/D to SB-S/D for a 17 nm gate length double gate MOSFET. The results show that a barrier of ? 0.15 eV is needed to comply with the specifications given by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS).