Konkursrätten : – om konkursboet ses som en association i tvångslikvidation med borgenärerna som medlemmar

Sammanfattning: The legal discourse about bankruptcy matters is blurred and often inconsistent as regards the legal classification. That is detrimental, because the legal classification determines not the final and multilayered rule, but the starting point for the legal argumentation and several fundamental issues of law, such as the creditors’ relation to the bankruptcy estate, the character of debtor’s divestment and the ownership of the estate. Bankruptcy can, in short, be classified as a complex civil litigation between partly the creditors and the debtor, partly the creditors mutually (the Litigation Theory), complemented by a principle that the debtor loses his legal capacity upon the opening of the proceeding (the Administration Theory). Another possibility is that bankruptcy should be regarded as a general distraint upon debtor’s assets, legally domiciled in the law of distraint. A third alternative is that bankruptcy is a trust for the distribution of debtor’s assets, similar to the division which must be made when a person is dead or disappeared (the Distribution Theory). A fourth possibility is that bankruptcy should be analyzed in the law of corporate entities. Then, bankruptcy briefly means that a bankruptcy estate is formed and immediately put into winding up (the Corporate Theory). The hallmarks of the Corporate theory are the special features that the creditors (neither the debtor nor the stakeholders or the property right holders) are members (shareholders) in the bankruptcy estate (the debtor only has the right to the residuals when the distribution is made) and that the ownership of the assets is legally transferred to the bankruptcy estate. The purpose of the thesis is to elucidate the ambiguity of the legal discourse and to present the Corporate Theory, which, in my opinion, has important advantages. The thesis starts with an introduction which is followed by some historical and comparative remarks (chapter 2 regarding Roman law and the law of the other Nordic countries except for Iceland). Chapter 3 briefly delineates the different theories. The Corporate Theory is developed in the following chapters of the thesis. Chapter 4 outlines the phases of the bankruptcy proceeding. Chapter 5 describes and exemplifies the systematics. Chapter 6 regards the bankruptcy estate in its qualification as a corporate entity. Chapter 7 concerns the organs of the bankruptcy estate, chapter 8 the enterprise and the objectives. The ownership of the assets is developed in chapter 9. Chapter 10 focuses on the different kind of interestholders in the bankruptcy estate. Chapter 11 and 12 regard the relation between the creditors; chapter 11 calls the shares into attention, while chapter 12 deals with some procedural aspects. Chapter 13 highlights the relation between debtor and creditor. That relation must be distinguished from the relation between the bankruptcy estate and its stakeholders (chapter 14). The thesis closes by a summarizing and evaluating rounding off in Swedish and English (chapter 15 and 16).