En politisk nödvändighet : En studie av den fysiska riksplaneringens introduktion och tillämpning
Sammanfattning: This thesis describes and analyses the genesis, development and implementation of National Land-use Planning (NLP) in Sweden. The focus is mainly on the level of central plauning.The final initiative for NLP was taken by the Social Democratic government in 1966. NLP was on operation from 1973 to 1987 and was developed by a special investigation group in the Ministry of Transport and Communications between 1966 and 1972. This analysis shows that proposals for the central planning of land-use were put forward in the 1940's, especially among architects. It is the conclusion of this thesis that the government did not show any interest in the issue when the debatestarted in Parliament in the early 1960's.The main problems giving rise to the government's initiative for NLP wereunsuccessful physical planning in the municipalities, land-use conflicts, a lack of formal rights for the government to influence changes in land-use, and a growing public concern for the environment. These circumstances put politicians in situations where difficult decisions had to be made - a crisis situation had evolved.According to NLP a number of activities and areas of national importance should always be taken into consideration in local physical planning and decision-making on land-use at all levels of planning in public administration. With NLP some power over decisions on land-use was transferred from local to central government.NLP introduced an ecological perspective to guide overall physical planning, and the principle of concentration and a resource perspective to gnide the localisation of environmentally damaging industries. However, this thesis has shown that an environmental concern was given less attention in the implementation of NLP the concerning localisation of environmentally damaging industries.
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