Planering eller frigörelse? : En studie om bemyndigande

Sammanfattning: The legislation on rights that was presented in the final report of the commission of inquiry into handicap (SOU 1991:46), the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments, showed that, from an ethical point of view, society´s welfare is something that concerns everyone. The demand for social solidarity, according to the inquiry, meant that public measures must be designed to meet quality requirements aiming at self-determination and influence, accessibility, participation, and continuity and holism. The focus is on the problematic concept of empowerment. The aim of the study was to acquire a deeper understanding of whether this phenomenon as a process was active at three levels of society: individual, group and municipality. The methods used were interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation. Written documents, such as minutes and memoranda, were also analysed and interpreted in order to understand empowerment at these three contextual levels. The dissertation is based on three empirical studies using this method of analysis. Although society´s rule system creates new administrative categories, which in turn generate administrative paradigms, it is in the relations between the actors at these three levels that the content is developed, that is, in interaction between them at the level of actor and structure. Alberto Melucci´s (1991) discussion of the irreconcilable tension between liberation and control/repression, between the opposites of empowerment and attitudes of paternalism/disempowerment, also provided an analytical model that is used throughout the dissertation. Julian Rappaport´s (1981) analysis of empowerment phases was likewise an important component when the empowerment theory was applied to the empirical studies. The dissertation also includes a description and analysis of Beth Mount´s (1987) study of planning processes, in order to compare some Anglo-Saxon planning models with the individual plan presented in the Act (prop. 1992/93:159). The results show that the paternalistic attitudes that dominate the planning processes aimed at empowerment are ideologically associated with individual and medical explanatory models of handicap. Four shared themes are presented, representing categories which answer the research questions posed, that is, whether empowerment processes could be observed at the different levels. Regardless of what empowerment functionally impaired persons can achieve through the attitudes of the public authorities, the Act cannot conceal the fact that nothing has changed yet since the law was passed in any respects that concerns people´s influence and empowerment. In this discursive development, cooperation between the research community and the functionally impaired persons is a cornerstone.