Control and Planning of Multi-Terminal HVDC Transmission Systems

Sammanfattning: With recent advances in power electronic technology, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system has become an alternative for transmitting power, especially over long distances. Multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems are proposed as HVDC systems with more than two terminals. In addition, the wind is becoming one of the most important sources of renewable energy in the world, with vast sources available in offshore areas. MTDC systems are attractive solutions for connecting offshore wind farms to AC grids. This thesis discusses three scopes of MTDC systems: primary control, secondary control, and AC-DC transmission expansion planning. In the primary control part, sliding mode control and multi-agent control are proposed. The sliding mode control can control the system fast and with very small overshoot and compared to proposed methods in the literature, it is less sensitive to changes in parameters. In the proposed multi-agent control strategy, we aim to find a solution for the problems caused by lack of global signal in the control of MTDC systems. In the secondary control part, we propose a controller, based on multi-agent systems, which follows the variations of wind and minimize the DC transmission and conversion losses, while considering the price of energy in each AC system and the scheduled injected power to each AC grid. The controller operates in both centralized and distributed modes.In the expansion planning part, we aim to propose a methodology to determine the optimal configuration of the MTDC system. The goal is to maximize the transferred power from the wind farms to the onshore grids while minimizing the investment cost. We propose a two-stage mixed-integer second order cone program (MISOCP) for optimal expansion of both DC and AC networks. The two-stage MISOCP is solved using the parallelized Benders decomposition algorithm.