Sökning: "Ionization"

Visar resultat 1 - 5 av 394 avhandlingar innehållade ordet Ionization.

  1. 1. Zero and Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines with respect to Ion Current and Soot Formation

    Författare :Abdelhadi Ahmedi; Institutioner vid LTH; []
    Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; engine knock; pollutant emissions; detailed chemical kinetics; thermal ionization.; ion current sensor; method of moments; ionization; soot formation oxidation; modeling; auto-ignition; Spark ignition engine; diesel engine;

    Sammanfattning : The work presented in this thesis can be divided into the three following fields of investigation: First of all the ionization model developed in this thesis is meant to simulate the thermal ionization process or the so-called second peak. Equilibrium assumptions have been adopted for the modeling of the thermal ionization, in which Saha’s equation was derived for singly ionized molecules. LÄS MER

  2. 2. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Formation of Ionized Gases in Spark Ignition Engines

    Författare :Raymond Reinmann; Förbränningsfysik; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Thermal Ionization; Calorimetry; Interferometry; Spark Ignition Engine; Current and Voltage Measurements; Engine Control.; fluid dynamics; Gases; plasmas; Gaser; plasma; fluiddynamik; Breakdown; Arc; Glow; Flame Ionization; Chemi-Ionization; Spark; Townsend; Fysicumarkivet A:1998:Reinmann;

    Sammanfattning : The processes that govern the formation, existence and consumption of ions in gases have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The aim of the work is targeted at increasing the understanding of these phenomena in the working gases inside an engine. LÄS MER

  3. 3. New methods for sensitive analysis with nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry

    Författare :Patrik Ek; Johan Roeraade; Åsa Emmer; Andries P. Bruins; KTH; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization; nanoelectrospray ionization; adjustable gap; emitter; miniaturization; improved sensitivity; nanoliter picoliter sample volumes; Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-beta Aβ ; Analytical chemistry; Analytisk kemi;

    Sammanfattning : In this thesis, new methods that address some current limitations in nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry (nESI-MS) analysis are presented. One of the major objectives is the potential gain in sensitivity that can be obtained when employing the proposed techniques. LÄS MER

  4. 4. Ionization of large molecules with short laser pulses

    Författare :Mikael Kjellberg; Göteborgs universitet; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Fysik; Photoelectron spectroscopy; Momentum mapping imaging; thermal ionization; above threshold ionization; molecular fusion; fullerenes; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; femtosecond-laser.;

    Sammanfattning : The decay dynamics of fullerenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) after femtosecond-laser excitation have been studied experimentally by electron momentum mapping and mass spectrometry. The electron spectra of fullerenes and large PAH-molecules were found to be exponentially decreasing with energy without any distinct peaks outside the photon energy. LÄS MER

  5. 5. Laser ionization mass spectrometry as a method for chemical analysis of solids and surfaces

    Författare :Mats Andersson; Chalmers tekniska högskola; []
    Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; multiphoton ionization; laser ionization; sputtering; mass spectrometry; surface analysis; quantitativa analysis;

    Sammanfattning : .... LÄS MER