Sökning: "External costs"

Visar resultat 6 - 10 av 163 avhandlingar innehållade orden External costs.

1. 6. The Internalization of External Effects in Swedish Transport Policy - A Comparison Between Road and Rail Traffic

   Författare :Lars Hansson; Internationella miljöinstitutet; []
   Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; Commercial and industrial economics; rail traffic; road traffic; transport policy; internalization; External effects; pricing-relevant costs; Industriell ekonomi;

   Sammanfattning : Transport is a key factor for economic growth. It has enabled both the economic scale of production and an increase in competition. No one can question this role of transportation. There is, however, a back-side to the coin: the environmental challenge. LÄS MER

3. 7. Assessing District-Heating Sustainability – Case Studies of CO2 Mitigation Strategies and Environmental Cost Accounting

   Författare :Elsa Fahlén; Chalmers tekniska högskola; []
   Nyckelord :TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER; ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; absorption cooling; biomass gasification; bio transport fuel; policy instruments; carbon dioxide; external costs; combined heat and power; district heating and cooling;

   Sammanfattning : District heating (DH) may play an important role in achieving the EU goal of a secure, competitive and sustainable energy supply. Integrated energy solutions based on technologies, such as biomass gasification for transport fuel, electricity and heat production and heat-driven absorption cooling, create new optimisation possibilities through the linkage between heat, power, cooling and transport fuel markets which may reduce the global warming contribution of the energy sector. LÄS MER

4. 8. Raising the Costs or Lowering the Bar : International influences on conflict-related sexual violence

   Författare :Karin Johansson; Lisa Hultman; Erika Forsberg; Jessica A. Stanton; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; conflict-related sexual violence; wartime sexual violence; wartime rape; international intervention; third-party intervention; violence against civilians; peacekeeping; civil war; shaming; condemnation; UN Commission on Human Rights; UN Human Rights Council; UN Universal Periodic Review; Peace and Conflict Research; Freds- och konfliktforskning;

   Sammanfattning : This dissertation contributes to the growing literature on conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). More specifically, the four essays it contains advance our understanding of CRSV by shedding light on the intersection between international involvement and CRSV perpetrated by states and rebel groups engaged in civil war. LÄS MER

5. 9. Reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction in subarctic herbs : A resource-based perspective

   Författare :Åsa M. Hemborg; Uppsala universitet; []
   Nyckelord :NATURVETENSKAP; NATURAL SCIENCES; Ecology; Altitudinal gradient; Plant size; Predispersal seed predation; Reproductive effort; Resourcedynamics; Seasonal variation; Sexual dimorphism; Somatic costs; Unisexual plants; Ekologi; Terrestrial; freshwater and marine ecology; Terrestisk; limnisk och marin ekologi; ekologisk botanik; Ecological Botany;

   Sammanfattning : The influence of internal and external factors on two major plant life history components, i.e., reproductive allocation and costs of reproduction, was examined for nine perennial herbs in subarctic Swedish Lapland. In one study, comparisons were made between Sweden and the French Alps. LÄS MER

7. 10. On understanding of external and internal integration in supply chains : challenges and evaluation

   Författare :Hana Hulthén; Dag Näslund; Andreas Norrman; Patrik Jonsson; Teknisk logistik; []
   Nyckelord :SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP; SOCIAL SCIENCES; Supply chain integration; contextual factors; sales and operations planning process; S OP process; performance measures; Logistics; Logistik; Supply Chain Integration; contextual factors; Sales and Operations planning process; S OP process; Performance measures;

   Sammanfattning : Benefits of implementing Supply Chain Integration (SCI) are acknowledged in existing integration literature. Integration extending beyond functional silos and firm boundaries is expected to provide value for customers in terms of higher quality, improved service level, and reduced costs. LÄS MER